Gushonga ibyuma bya silicon

Icyuma cya Silicon, kizwi kandi nka silicon yinganda cyangwa silikoni ya kristaline, mubusanzwe ikorwa no kugabanya karuboni ya dioxyde de silicon mumatara yumuriro. Ikoreshwa ryayo nyamukuru nkiyongera kubintu bitarimo ferrous kandi nkibikoresho byo gutangiza umusaruro wa silicon semiconductor na organosilicon.

Mu Bushinwa, icyuma cya silikoni gikunze gushyirwa mu byiciro ukurikije ibikubiye mu myanda itatu nyamukuru irimo: fer, aluminium na calcium. Ukurikije ijanisha ryibigize fer, aluminium na calcium muri silicon yicyuma, silicon yicyuma irashobora kugabanywamo 553, 441, 411, 421, 3303, 3305, 2202, 2502, 1501, 1101 nizindi nzego zitandukanye. Imibare ya mbere n'iya kabiri zanditswe ku ijanisha ry'ibyuma na aluminium, naho imibare ya gatatu n'iya kane byerekana ibiri muri calcium. Kurugero, 553 bivuze ko ibirimo ibyuma, aluminium na calcium ari 5%, 5%, 3%; 3303 bivuze ko ibirimo ibyuma, aluminium na calcium ari 3%, 3%, 0.3%)

Umusaruro wibyuma bya silikoni bikozwe nuburyo bwa karbothermal, bivuze ko silika hamwe na karubone igabanya ubukana bishongeshwa mumatara yubutare. Ubuziranenge bwa silikoni yakozwe muri ubu buryo ni 97% kugeza kuri 98%, kandi silikoni irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwa metallurgie. Niba ushaka kubona urwego rwo hejuru rwa silicon, ugomba kubinonosora kugirango ukureho umwanda, kandi ubone ubuziranenge bwa 99.7% kugeza kuri 99.8% bya silicon.

Gushonga icyuma cya silicon hamwe numusenyi wa quartz nkibikoresho fatizo birimo intambwe nyinshi zo guhagarika umucanga wa quartz, gutegura amafaranga hamwe no gucana itanura ryamabuye.

Muri rusange, umucanga wo mu rwego rwohejuru uzakoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye mu gukora ibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bya quartz, ndetse bigatunganywa mu rwego rw’amabuye y'agaciro nka kristu, tourmaline n'ibindi bicuruzwa. Urwego rumeze nabi, ariko ibigega ni binini, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bumeze neza gato, kandi amashanyarazi akikije ahendutse, akwiranye no gukora ibyuma bya silikoni.

Kugeza ubu, Ubushinwa butanga umusaruro wa silicon icyuma cya karuboni yubushyuhe: gukoresha muri rusange silika nkibikoresho fatizo, kokiya peteroli, amakara, chipi yinkwi, amakara y’ivu hamwe n’ibindi bigabanya, mu itanura ry’ubushyuhe bw’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, gushonga ibyuma bya silikoni kuva muri silika, nigishishwa cyubusa arc hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru.

Kubwibyo, nubwo icyuma cya silicon cyakuwe muri silika, ntabwo silika yose ibereye gukora ibyuma bya silicon. Umusenyi usanzwe tubona burimunsi ntabwo aribikoresho fatizo byibyuma bya silikoni, ahubwo ni umucanga wa quartz wakoreshejwe mubikorwa byinganda twavuze haruguru, kandi byafashwe nintambwe nyinshi kugirango urangize gusenyuka kuva kumucanga kugeza mubyuma bya silikoni.