gutondekanya ibyuma bya silicon

Itondekanya ryicyuma cya silicon mubusanzwe gishyirwa mubirimo ibintu bitatu byingenzi byanduye byuma, aluminium na calcium bikubiye mubyuma bya silicon. Ukurikije ibirimo ibyuma, aluminium na calcium muri silikoni yicyuma, silikoni yicyuma irashobora kugabanywamo 553, 441, 411, 421, 3303, 3305, 2202, 2502, 1501, 1101 nizindi nzego zitandukanye.

Mu nganda, silicon metallic isanzwe ikorwa no kugabanya karuboni ya dioxyde ya silicon mu ziko ryamashanyarazi. Ikigereranyo cya reaction ya chimique: SiO2 + 2C → Si + 2CO Ubuziranenge bwa silicon yakozwe murubu buryo ni 97 ~ 98%, bita silicon metallic. Noneho irashonga kandi igasubirwamo, hanyuma umwanda ukurwaho na aside kugirango ubone silicon metallic ifite ubuziranenge bwa 99.7 ~ 99.8%.

Ibyuma bya Silicon bigizwe ahanini na silikoni, bityo ifite imiterere isa na silicon. Silicon ifite allotropes ebyiri: amorphous silicon na silikoni ya kristaline. Amorphous silicon ni ifu yumukara-umukara kandi mubyukuri ni microcrystal. Silicon ya Crystalline ifite imiterere ya kristu hamwe na semiconductor ya diyama, gushonga 1410 ℃, ingingo itetse 2355 ℃, ubukana bwa Mohs 7, bworoshye. Amorphous silicification irakora kandi irashobora gutwika cyane muri ogisijeni. Ifata hamwe nubutare nka halogene, azote na karubone mubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi irashobora kandi gukorana nibyuma nka magnesium, calcium na fer kugirango bibyare siliside. Amorphous silicon hafi ya yose idashobora gushonga muri acide zose zidasanzwe na organic, harimo aside hydrofluoric, ariko igashonga muri acide ivanze ya acide nitric na hydrofluoric. Igisubizo cya sodium hydroxide irashobora gushonga silicon amorphous ikarekura hydrogen. Silicon ya Crystalline idakora cyane, ndetse no mubushyuhe bwo hejuru ntishobora guhuza na ogisijeni, ntishobora gukemuka muri acide iyo ari yo yose ya organic organique na organic organique, ahubwo irashobora gushonga muri acide ya nitric na acide hydrofluoric ivanze na acide hamwe na hydroxide ya sodium.